IPC 59: Section 59 of the Indian Penal Code
(Repealed) Transportation instead of imprisonment
Rep. by the Code of Criminal Procedure (Amendment) Act, 1955 (26 of 1955)
IPC 58: Section 58 of the Indian Penal Code
(Repealed) Offenders sentenced to transportation how dealt with until transported
Rep. by the Code of Criminal Procedure (Amendment) Act, 1955 (26 of 1955)
IPC 57: Section 57 of the Indian Penal Code
Fractions of terms of punishment
In calculating fractions of terms of punishment, imprisonment for life shall be reckoned as equivalent to imprisonment for twenty years.
IPC 56: Section 56 of the Indian Penal Code
(Repealed) Sentence of Europeans and Americans to penal servitude
Proviso as to sentence for term exceeding ten years but not for life – Rep. by the Criminal Law (Removal of Racial Discriminations) Act, 1949
IPC 55A: Section 55A of the Indian Penal Code
Definition of “appropriate Government”
In sections 54 and 55 the expression “appropriate Government” means,—
- in cases where the sentence is a sentence of death or is for an offence against any law relating to a matter to which the executive power of the Union extends, the Central Government; and
- in cases where the sentence (whether of death or not) is for an offence against any law relating to a matter to which the executive power of the State extends, the Government of the State within which the offender is sentenced.
IPC 55: Section 55 of the Indian Penal Code
Commutation of sentence of imprisonment for life
In every case in which sentence of imprisonment for life shall have been passed, the appropriate Government may, without the consent of the offender, commute the punishment for imprisonment of either description for a term not exceeding fourteen years.
IPC 54: Section 54 of the Indian Penal Code
Commutation of sentence of death
In every case in which sentence of death shall have been passed, the appropriate Government may, without the consent of the offender, commute the punishment for any other punishment provided by this Code.
IPC 53A: Section 53A of the Indian Penal Code
Construction of reference to transportation
- Subject to the provisions of sub-section (2) and sub-section (3), any reference to “transportation for life” in any other law for the time being in force or in any instrument or order having effect by virtue of any such law or of any enactment repealed shall be construed as a reference to “imprisonment for life”.
- In every case in which a sentence of transportation for a term has been passed before the commencement of the Code of Criminal Procedure (Amendment) Act, 1955 (26 of 1955), the offender shall be dealt with in the same manner as if sentenced to rigorous imprisonment for the same term.
- Any reference to transportation for a term or to transportation for any shorter term (by whatever name called) in any other law for the time being in force shall be deemed to have been omitted.
- Any reference to “transportation” in any other law for the time being in force shall,—
- if the expression means transportation for life, be construed as a reference to imprisonment for life;
- if the expression means transportation for any shorter term, be deemed to have been omitted.
IPC 230: Section 230 of the Indian Penal Code
“Coin” defined
Coin is metal used for the time being as money, and stamped and issued by the authority of some State or Sovereign Power in order to be so used.
Indian coin
Indian coin is metal stamped and issued by the authority of the Government of India in order to be used as money; and metal which has been so stamped and issued shall continue to be Indian coin for the purposes of this Chapter, notwithstanding that it may have ceased to be used as money.
Illustrations
- Cowries are not coin.
- Lumps of unstamped copper, though used as money, are not coin.
- Medals are not coin, inasmuch as they are not intended to be used as money.
- The coin denominated as the Company’ rupee is 3Indian coin.
- The “Farukhabad rupee”, which was formerly used as money under the authority of the Government of India, is 3Indian coin although it is no longer so used.
IPC 229: Section 229 of the Indian Penal Code
Personation of a juror or assessor
Whoever, by personation or otherwise, shall intentionally cause, or knowingly suffer himself to be returned, empanelled or sworn as a juryman or assessor in any case in which he knows that he is not entitled by law to be so returned, empanelled or sworn, or knowing himself to have been so returned, empanelled or sworn contrary to law, shall voluntarily serve on such jury or as such assessor, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.