IPC 15: Section 15 of the Indian Penal Code
“Servant of Government”
The words “Servant of Government” denote any officer or servant continued, appointed or employed in India by or under the authority of Government.
IPC 192: Section 192 of the Indian Penal Code
Fabricating false evidence
Whoever causes any circumstance to exist or makes any false entry in any book or record, or makes any document containing a false statement, intending that such circumstance, false entry or false statement may appear in evidence in a judicial proceeding, or in a proceeding taken by law before a public servant as such, or before an arbitrator, and that such circumstance, false entry or false statement, so appearing in evidence, may cause any person who in such proceeding is to form an opinion upon the evidence, to entertain an erroneous opinion touching any point material to the result of such proceeding is said “to fabricate false evidence”.
Illustrations
- A puts jewels into a box belonging to Z, with the intention that they may be found in that box, and that this circumstance may cause Z to be convicted of theft. A has fabricated false evidence.
- A makes a false entry in his shop-book for the purpose of using it as corroborative evidence in a Court of Justice. A has fabricated false evidence.
- A, with the intention of causing Z to be convicted of a criminal conspiracy, writes a letter in imitation of Z’ handwriting, purporting to be addressed to an accomplice in such criminal conspiracy, and puts the letter in a place which he knows that the officers of the police are likely to search. A has fabricated false evidence.
IPC 14: Section 14 of the Indian Penal Code
“Servant of Government”
The words “Servant of Government” denote any officer or servant continued, appointed or employed in India by or under the authority of Government.
IPC 191: Section 191 of the Indian Penal Code
Giving false evidence
Whoever, being legally bound by an oath or by an express provision of law to state the truth, or being bound by law to make a declaration upon any subject, makes any statement which is false, and which he either knows or believes to be false or does not believe to be true, is said to give false evidence.
Explanations
- A statement is within the meaning of this section whether it is made verbally or otherwise.
- A false statement as to the belief of the person attesting is within the meaning of this section, and a person may be guilty of giving false evidence by stating that he believes a thing which he does not believe, as well as by stating that he knows a thing which he does not know.
Illustrations
- A, in support of a just claim which B has against Z for one thousand rupees, falsely swears on a trial that he heard Z admit the justice of B’ claim. A has given false evidence.
- A, being bound by an oath to state the truth, states that he believes a certain signature to be the handwriting of Z, when he does not believe it to be the handwriting of Z. Here A states that which he knows to be false, and therefore gives false evidence.
- A, knowing the general character of Z’ handwriting, states that he believes a certain signature to be the handwriting of Z; A in good faith believing it to be so. Here A’ statement is merely as to his belief, and is true as to his belief, and therefore, although the signature may not be the handwriting of Z, A has not given false evidence.
- A, being bound by an oath to state the truth, states that he knows that Z was at a particular place on a particular day, not knowing anything upon the subject. A gives false evidence whether Z was at that place on the day named or not.
- A, an interpreter or translator, gives or certifies as a true interpretation or translation of a statement or document, which he is bound by oath to interpret or translate truly, that which is not and which he does not believe to be a true interpretation or translation. A has given false evidence.
IPC 13: Section 13 of the Indian Penal Code
Definition of “Queen”
Rep. by the A. O. 1950.
IPC 12: Section 12 of the Indian Penal Code
“Public”
The word “public” includes any class of the public or any community.
IPC 190: Section 190 of the Indian Penal Code
Threat of injury to induce person to refrain from applying for protection to public servant
Whoever holds out any threat of injury to any person for the purpose of inducing that person to refrain or desist from making a legal application for protection against any injury to any public servant legally empowered as such to give such protection, or to cause such protection to be given, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both.
IPC 11: Section 11 of the Indian Penal Code
“Person”
The word “person” includes any Company or Association or body of persons, whether incorporated or not.
IPC 10: Section 10 of the Indian Penal Code
“Man” “Woman”
The word “man” denotes a male human being of any age; the word “woman” denotes a female human being of any age.
IPC 189: Section 189 of the Indian Penal Code
Threat of injury to public servant
Whoever holds out any threat of injury to any public servant, or to any person in whom he believes that public servant to be interested, for the purpose of inducing that public servant to do any act, or to forbear or delay to do any act, connected with the exercise of the public functions of such public servant, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.