Partnership is an agreement between two or more persons (called partners) for sharing the profits of a business carried on by all or any of them acting for all. Any change in the existing agreement amounts to reconstitution of the partnership firm. This results in an end of the existing agreement and a new agreement comes into being with a changed relationship among the members of the partnership firm and/or their composition. However, the firm continues. The partners often resort to reconstitution of the firm in various ways such as admission of a new partner, change in profit sharing ratio, retirement of a partner, death or insolvency of a partner.
According to the provisions of Partnership Act 1932 unless it is otherwise provided in the partnership deed a new partner can be admitted only when the existing partners unanimously agree for it.
Depending upon the share of profits to be given to the new partner, either a sum of money will be directly paid by him to the old partners (through the firm or privately) or after recording new partner’s capital, new partner’s capital account will be debited with his share of goodwill, the credit being given to the old partners in the ratio of their sacrifice of future profits. The latter is an indirect method of payment for goodwill by the new partner. The payment is justified became the new partner will take a share of profits which comes out of the shares of other partners. The old partners must be compensated for such a loss.
According to Section 31 of Indian Partnership Act 1932 "A Partner can be admitted only
consent of all the Existing Partners."
Adjustments required when a New Partner is Admitted
a. Calculation of New Profit Sharing Ratio / Sacrificing Ratio.
b. Valuation and Treatment of Goodwill.
c. Revaluation of Assets and Liabilities.
d. Adjustment of accumulated Profits, Reserve and Losses.
e. Necessary Adjustment of Capital Accounts of Partners.
Change in Profit Sharing Ratio
A New Partner Acquires his share from the Old Partner in any of the following Manners;
(i) In their old Profit Selling Ratio
(ii) In a Particular Ratio or Surrendered Ratio
(iii) In a particular fraction from some of the partner